One of the finest habitat of the
tiger in India, the Corbett National Park nestles in the foothills of the Himalayas in
Uttar Pradesh, in the area known as South Patlidun. With its varied topography, diverse
flora and fauna and the natural splendor of its landscapes the Park is a precious
heritage.Established
in 1936, this reserve was known as the Hailey National Park. It was later renamed after
Jim Corbett the famous hunter, author and pioneer conservationist who helped set up this
wildlife sanctuary.
Extending over a tract
of 520.8 sq. Km, the park is a large valley with forested ridges running through it. The
magnificent Ramganga River winds through its entire length in a south - south westerly
direction and the numerous forest streams and rivulets that flow into carve up the area
into little ridges and ravines. Dense stands of sal and mixed deciduous forests are found
throughout the Park while the chaurs or the grasslands in the valleys - about
one tenth of the core area, offer visitors a better view of the wildlife.
With elevations in the Park
ranging from 400 meters to 1210 meters there is a rich diversity in habitat. Animals of
the Himalayas and those of peninsular India can both be seen here and over 50 mammals and
25 reptile species have been recorded at Corbett. Among the predators are the tiger,
leopard, diverse species of lesser cats and the dhole - the wild dog. There are antelopes
(nilgai and ghoral) varieties of deer (hog deer, sambhar, chital or spotted deer and
barking deer), the primates (rhesus and langur) and other animals like jackals, foxes,
civets, wild boar, sloth bear, black bear and a range of reptiles including the cobra,
python and two species of crocodile. The rare fish eating, long snouted gharial and the
more robust mugger can be seen basking along the sand banks and pools of the Ramganga. The
river which is also noted for its sporting fish, the mighty mahaseer and the malee is
popular with anglers.
Corbett is most famous for its
large cats, and in particular the tiger this was the first designated Project Tiger
Reserve, in 1973 but its tigers are extremely elusive.
Sighting are very far
from guaranteed, and should be regarded as an unlikely bonus. Nonetheless, although there
have been problems elsewhere with the project, and the very survival of the tiger in India
is in serious jeopardy, Corbett does at least seem to be prioritizing the needs of tigers
over those of other wildlife and of tourists and claims to have poaching
under control.
The park holds a great
assortment of other animals. Large elephant herds have been confined within its boundaries
since the construction of the Ramganga Reservoir blocked migratory routes that formerly
ranged as far as Rajaji National Park, 200 kilometers west. The best place to see them in
around the picturesque Dhikala Camp near the reservoir, especially in spring, when the
water level drops and the animals have more space to roam. The reservoir shelters
populations of gharial, a long snouted, fish-eating crocodile and maggar, a large marsh
crocodile, and other reptiles.
Jackal are common, and wild boar run through the camps in the evenings. The grasslands
around Dikhala are home to deer species such as the spotted deer known as chital, hog deer
and the larger sambar. Rhesus and common langur are both abundant, representing the two
main classes of Indian monkeys. Bird life ranges from water birds such as the pied
kingfisher to birds of prey, including the crested serpent eagle, Pallass fishing
eagle and Himalayan greyheaded fishing eagle.

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