Valmiki Tiger Reserve is home to several species of flora such as Sal, Asan, Karama, Semal, Khair, Cane, Jamun, Siccharrum, Mahulan, Piper, and Lagun. Major forest types existing in the sanctuary are Sal forests, West Gangetic Moist Mixed Deciduous Forest, Eastern Wet Alluvial Grassland, Barringtonia Swamp Forest, etc

There is a plethora of animals at Valmiki Tiger Reserve . Apart from the Tiger, the faunal species include the Leopard, Fishing Cat, Leopard Cat, Spotted Deer, Sambar, Hog Deer, Black Buck, Gaur, wolf, serow, hyenas, Indian civets, Jungle cats, wild dogs Sloth Bear, langoor, Rhesus Macaque, etc. You will also come across birds like the peafowl and reptiles like the python at the sanctuary.